Kai Ostwald

I was trained as a political scientist with a focus on comparative politics. Within that subfield, I focus on democratization, ethnic politics, and the political economy of development. My research is mainly situated in Southeast Asia, especially Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Indonesia. I also increasingly work on Canadian & US transpacific relationships. My research has appeared in leading political science and area studies outlets, and has been supported by funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) of Canada, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), among others. 

Below is a list of select research papers:

• Reconsidering Regime Resilience in Malaysia and Singapore: which argues that the regimes can be thought of as a type of ideologically-bounded, vernacular democracy (Oxford Research Encyclopedia, 2024).

• Canada and Southeast Asia in the new Indo-Pacific Era: lead article in a special issue on Canada-SE Asia relationship, which I coedited with Gregoire Legault and Dominique Caouette (Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 2023).

• Voting Under Doubts of Ballot Secrecy: on how doubting the secrecy of the ballot can lead to incumbent voting that reinforces dominant party rule (with Guillem Riambau - Democratization, 2023)

• Placebo Statements in List Experiments: on how the conventional list experiment format is vulnerable to bias and the simple fix (with Guillem Riambau - Political Science Research and Methods, 2021)

• Malapportionment in Myanmar’s Elections: on the vast size differences in Myanmar (Burma)’s electoral constituencies, and how this colonial-era relic shapes electoral competition (with Constant Courtin - Contemporary Southeast Asia, 2020)

• Opposition Party Credibility in Singapore’s 2020 Pandemic Election: on how valence considerations and variation in opposition party credibility shape Singapore’s politics, focusing on the 2020 election (with Steven Oliver, Pacific Affairs, 2020).

• Regional Identity Formation in Malaysia: on the endogenous manner of regional and ethnic identity formation in Malaysia, and how it has enabled the primacy of essentialized ethnic identities (with Mohamed Salihin Subhan - Asian Politics and Policies, 2021)

• Four Arenas: Malaysia’s 2018 Election, Democratization, and Reform: on the role of regionalism and identity in Malaysia’s 2018 election and the subsequent reform process (with Steven Oliver, Democratization, 2020)

• Ethnic Segregation and Public Goods: Evidence from Indonesia: on how spatial segregation of ethnic groups reduces the "diversity penalty" in the provision of public goods (with Yuhki Tajima and Krislert Samphantharak - American Political Science Review, 2018).

• Rematch: Islamic politics, mobilization, and the Indonesian presidential election: an empirical assessment of the 2014 divisive presidential election using innovative data from all 480k polling stations (with Dimitar Gueorguiev and Paul Schuler - Political Science, 2019).

• Explaining Electoral Behaviour in Singapore: Party Credibility and Valence Voting: on how voting in Singapore is driven by perceptions of competence, rather than ideology, issues, and policy positions -- and how the PAP has been winning that credibility game. (with Steven Oliver - Journal of East Asian Studies, 2018).

• Triple Duel: The Impact of Coalition Fragmentation and Three-Corner Fights on the 2018 Malaysian Election: on how Malaysia’s opposition defeated the incumbent UMNO government despite losing a core partner (with Paul Schuler and Jie Ming Chong - Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 2018).

• Federalism without Decentralization: Power Consolidation in Malaysia: on how subnational tiers of government in Malaysia has lost autonomy as the Prime Minister's Department has consolidated power. (Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 2017).

• Canada’s Foreign Policy and Bureaucratic (un)Responsiveness: Public Diplomacy in the Digital Domain: on how institutional stickiness limited the impact of government (and policy) change (with Julian Dierkes - Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 2018)

• Malaysia's Electoral Process: The Methods and Costs of Perpetuating UMNO Rule: on the systematic manipulation of Malaysia's electoral system (ISEAS Trends, 2017).

• Vernacular Education, Segregated Classrooms, and Ethnic Diversity: on whether de facto segregated SAP schools in Singapore produce alumni with less ethnically diverse social networks than their counterparts from matched non-SAP schools (with Elvin Ong and Dimitar Gueorguiev - Politics, Groups, and Identities, 2019).

• Indonesia's Decentralization Experiment: Motivations, successes, and unintended consequences: on what Indonesia's 'big bang' decentralization has and hasn't achieved, and why (with Yuhki Tajima and Krislert Samphantharak - Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 2016)

• Context and comparison in Southeast Asia: on the practical dimension of conducting comparative research in Southeast Asia (with Paul Schuler -- Pacific Affairs, 2015)

• How to win a lost election: on malapportionment in the Malaysian electoral system (The Round Table, 2013)

• Limits of Economic Integration in ASEAN: on how the domestic political costs of dismantling non-tariff barriers limits economic integration under the AEC.

• Engineering Identity: on how Singapore's national services shapes civic and ethnic identities (working paper)

• Political affiliation and ethnic categorization in the Malay identity: on how political affiliation affects intersubjective ethnic categorization (working paper).

• Voting Behavior under Doubts of Ballot Secrecy” - (un)intentionally nudging voters towards a dominant party regime: on how (unfounded) doubts over ballot secrecy in Singapore alter voting behavior and buttress dominant party rule without the need for coercion (with Guillem Riabmau, working paper).

As well as other publications and research memos:

• Canada’s Evolving Relationship with the ASEAN Region: reflecting on one year of Canada’s Indo-Pacific Strategy (Institute for Peace and Diplomacy, 2024).

• The ‘green wave’ and other purported changes in Malaysian politics: on what the macro-level four arenas perspective says about the key political developments of the past decade (ISEAS Perspective, 2023, with Steven Oliver).

• Malaysia’s Democracy in the Shadow of Hegemonic Rule: on how the legacy of UMNO’s decades-long political dominance continues to shape political competition and the nature of Malaysia’s democracy, even after the party’s decline (ISEAS Fulcrum, 2023).

• Malaysia Unity Government’s Survival: on the stabilizing factors that give Anwar’s new unity government a good chance of remaining in power, despite attempts to topple it (ISEAS Perspective, 2023)

• Malaysia in 2022: year end review of Malaysian political developments during election year (Asian Survey, 2023, with Muhamad M. N. Nadzri)

• Anwar and the civil service: on how Malaysia’s new prime minister is approaching the country’s powerful civil service (ISEAS Fulcrum, 2023)

• Malaysia in 2021: year end review of Malaysian political developments during coup, emergency declaration, and government transition (Asian Survey, 2022)

• Myanmar’s Transition Stalled - From Opening to Coup: special issue introduction on the last decade of transition and coup in Myanmar (Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia #31, 2021, with Kyaw Yin Hlaing)

• Myanmar’s Pro-Democracy Movement: on the various forms of resistance to the 2021 coup in Myanmar (Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia #31, 2021, with Kyaw Yin Hlaing)

• Myanmar - Pandemic in a time of transition: on the legal and policy response to covid-19 in Myanmar (chapter in “Covid-19 in Asia, edited by Victor V. Ramraj, Oxford University Press 2020, with Tun Myint)

• Malaysia 2020: The Impasse of two-coalition Politics: on the collapse of the Pakatan Harapan government and the instability of both coalitions. ISEAS Perspective, 2020)

• Power Distribution and Decentralisation in New Malaysia: on the struggles to redistribute power in post-UMNO Malaysia. (ISEAS Perspective, 2019)

• Local Elections, Decentralisation, and Institutional reform: on the possible return of local elections in post-UMNO Malaysia. (Chapter in “Minorities Matter” on Malaysia’s 2018 general election, 2019)

• Singapore’s PAP and Malaysia’s transition. (East Asia Forum, 2018, with Steven Oliver)

• Centralisation in Malaysia under Najib. (East Asia Forum, 2018)

• Legitimacy and Longevity in Singapore’s Reserved Presidency. (East Asia Forum, 2017, with Isabel Chew)

• Democratic Crossroads and Political Transitions in Southeast Asia (Global Affairs Canada conference on Southeast Asia, May 2017).

• Fieldwork and the Academic Job Market as a Southeast Asianist. (APSA Comparative Democratization newsletter, vol. 17, 2017).

• China's ambitions welcomed in Kuala Lumpur? (Asia Pacific Memo#388, 2016, with Phuong Nguyen)

• Delayed Transition: The end of consensus rule in Vietnam? (ISEAS Perspective #2, 2016, with Paul Schuler)

• Myanmar's Landmark Election: unresolved questions. (ISEAS Perspective #68, 2015, with Paul Schuler)

• Has Chinese Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia entered a bolder and more assertive phase? (Asia Pacific Memo #342, 2015)

• LNG in British Columbia, Scandals in Malaysia, and the Complexity of Policy Decisions (Asia Pacific Memo #340. 2015)

• The Many Implications of Cheap Oil in Southeast Asia (Asia Pacific Foundation, 2015)

• Will the ASEAN Economic Community transform Southeast Asian economies in 2015 (Asia Pacific Memo #322, 2014, with Krislert Samphantharak)

• Ebola, SARS, and the Economies of Southeast Asia (ISEAS Perspective #63, 2014)

• The Perilous Start and Uncertain Future of the Jokowi Era in Indonesia (Asia Pacific Memo #311, 2014)

• The Year in Malaysian Politics: Democracy's Crooked Trajectory (Asia Pacific Memo #310, 2014)

Selected media engagement:

• Global Finance Magazine: coverage of Malaysia’s 2022 election (Jan 2023)

• Canada Broadcasting Corporation and Global TV: coverage of the coup in Myanmar (Mar 2021)

• Bloomberg, South China Morning Post, and The Diplomat: coverage of Malaysia’s political upheaval (Mar 2020)

• World Politics Review: coverage of Singapore’s evolving politics (Mar 2019)

• South China Morning Post: coverage of Malaysia’s changing relationship with China (Aug 2018)

• Los Angeles Times: coverage of Malaysia’s 2018 election (May 2018)

• Nikkei Asia Review: coverage of Malaysia’s 2018 election (Jan 2018)

• Malaysian Insight (and here), Malaysiakini, Today: coverage of my paper on elections in Malaysia (Dec 2017)

• GCTN: interviewed on the ASEAN summit (Nov 2017)

• The Atlantic: interviewed for article on geography and elections in Malaysia and the US (Jan 2017)

• TODAY (Singapore daily newspaper): analysis of Myanmar's election (Dec 18, 2015); also reprinted in the Malay Mail (Dec 19), Eurasia Review, and the Malaysian Insider (Dec 20).

• Vancouver Sun: interviewed for article on Petronas and Malaysian politics, BC LNG (Sept 11, 2015)

• Vancouver Sun: interviewed for article on controversial Petronas investment in BC LNG (Sept. 10, 2015)

• CTV News: interviewed on bombing in Bangkok, Thailand (August 18, 2015)

• Myanmar National Television: one hour interview (with Yves Tiberghien and Dr. Aung Tun Thet) about the opportunities and challenges of Myanmar's triple transition (August 2015)

• Canada Broadcast Corporation "The Early Edition": interviewed on Malaysia's 1MDB scandal and its implications for LNG investment in British Columbia (July 2015)

• ICI Radio-Canada: on LNG and Malaysia's 1MDB scandal (July 2015)

• Globe and Mail: interviewed for article on political instability in Malaysia (June 2015)

• Globe and Mail: interviewed for article on the death of Lee Kuan Yew (March 2015)

• Globe and Mail: interviewed for article on the persecution of Anwar Ibrahim (Feb 2015)

Please click here for a description of my dissertation.